Motion picture including within a duplication of frames

ABSTRACT

A video disc and a motion picture playing method comprising retrieving segment information of a motion picture, the motion picture including within a duplication of frames, at least one overlapping segment, and/or a segment that is congruent in at least one frame with at least one other segment, enabling a playing of a scene of the motion picture at a different level of explicitness; and playing, responsive to the segment information and from within the motion picture, a seamless version of the motion picture, the playing comprising selectively retrieving segments from within the motion picture, buffering at least a portion of a retrieved segment, and seamlessly skipping a retrieval of at least one segment, the skipped segment comprising frames that are duplicated, an overlapping segment, and/or one of the segments that are congruent in at least one frame. The additional segments enabling a playing of a scene of the motion picture at a different level of explicitness; and wherein the retrieved segments are automatically selected responsive to the segment information and a preference with respect to a level of explicitness such as a rating code.

This application is a division of patent application Ser. No.08/954,535, filed Oct. 20, 1997, which is a FWC of patent applicationSer. No. 08/419,822 filed Apr. 11, 1995, which is a division of patentapplication Ser. No. 08/002,998 filed Jan. 11, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No.5,434,678 issued Jul. 18, 1995. This application is also acontinuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 07/832,335, filedFeb. 7, 1992.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a video device for the automated selectiveretrieval of non-sequentially-stored video segments of a video program,from a single video program source, responsive to a viewer'spreestablished video content preferences, and the transmission of theselected segments as a seamless video program.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Conventional memory storage devices, as for example, laser disc playersand computer hard disks, when accessing or transferring data randomlylocated on the device's memory storage unit, the read/write functions ofthe device must wait for the proper positioning of the read/write headfrom one location to another location. This operation usually referredto as the average access time and measured in microseconds is one of theprimary determinants of a random access device's performancecapabilities.

In full motion picture applications a device's capabilities are alsocritical in terms of transfer rates and storage capacity. A typicalmotion picture runs at 30 frames per second. In digital terms,reasonable quality video, such as may be obtained from a VCR tape,requires approximately 1.5 megabytes per second, or a total of 10,800megabytes for a two hour film. While the application of compressiontechnologies reduces the storage requirements, this is offset by thegreater requirements of high definition television (HDTV).

As a result of the storage capacity, transfer rates, and average accesstimes, laser optical technology has proven its costs effectiveness infull motion picture applications. State of the art laser video discsystems, such as for example Pioneer's VDR-V1000, incorporates separateoptical heads for recording and erasing, and provides an average accesstime of 0.3 seconds. While in most applications a 0.3 seconds averageaccess time can be accommodated, this proves not be the case when acontinuous seamless retrieval of random frame sequences from a singlevideo source is required. A 0.3 average access time translates into agap of 0.3 seconds (approximately 9 frames) each time a non-sequentialframe needs to be retrieved. Where the viewing of a motion picturerequires a significant number of such random accesses, the repeated gapsrepresent a significant failing.

Various data and video read and read/write architectures, such as thosecomprising: i) a single head; ii) multiple heads, in which each headoperates on a different source surface; iii) multiple heads operating inone surface, in which each set of heads moves over the surface as asingle unit; and iv) multiple heads, in which each head's movement overthe shared surface and function is independent of the operation of theother heads; provide different average access time and transfer ratecapabilities.

For example, the patent to Takemura et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,070,discloses a tracking method for an optical disc in which two laser spotsirradiate two adjoining slants of a V-shape groove. Since the laserspots movement over the disc surface are in unison, the shortcomings ofaccess time gaps are not resolved.

With respect to the objects of the present invention, the shortcomingsof the prior art known to the applicant are not limited to the hardwarearchitecture. From the outset, film production has and continues to bedirected at the eventual production of a unique linear sequence offrames.

In the creation of motion picture, producers and artists often surrenderthe exercise of creative expression to the inherent constraints of anunique linear sequence of frames, generally accepted norms, marketingobjectives, and the censoring influence of the Motion PictureAssociation of America, Inc. rating system. In general, the resultingcompromise inevitably provides for scenes, content, or artisticexpression, which either exceeds or fails to satisfy individual viewerpreferences. Too often, gains made in the exercise of creativeexpression result in the loss of potential audience. To that extent,recently a number of films are issued in an U.S. version, and a moreexplicit European version.

Viewers that are attracted by the general subject matter of a motionpicture, and, on the basis of the MPAA's motion picture rating system,elect to view the motion picture are subjected to material in theprogram they would not have selected for their own viewing. In a 1989poll conducted by the Associated Press, 82% of the respondents felt thatmovies contained too much violence, 80% found too much profanity, and72% complained of too much nudity.

A number of editing systems in the prior art have attempted to addressthese issues. For example, the patent to Von Kohorn, U.S. Pat. No.4,520,404, discloses a remote recording and editing system, whosefunctions include the activation or deactivation of a televisionreceiver and a recording apparatus by the transmission of control orediting command signals, generated from a central station where anoperator monitors a broadcast transmission. Similarly, the patent toChard, U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,964, discloses a television controller thatutilizes coding for identifying and automatically deleting undesirablesound and visual events broadcast with a program. The patent to Olivo,Jr., U.S. Pat. No. 4,888,796, discloses a screening device capable ofautomatically disabling the TV or video receiving device in response tothe receiver's recognition of a non-interfering material content signalco-transmitted with the program signals. However, even the aggregationof Von Kohorn, Chard, and Olivo, fails to suggest a videosoftware/hardware architecture wherein the disabling of segments of theprogram material does not produce dead segments.

The patent to Vogel, U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,160, addresses the resultingdead segments in the transmission by providing a facility for displayingalternative material during the dead segments. The alternative materialselected during censorship periods can originate from a remote source,for example, another television broadcast, or locally, for example, froma video disc or tape player. However, Vogel and the prior art known tothe applicant, do not provide a system that creates, from a singlesource, an automatically edited, seamlessly continuous program in whichedited out segments are replaced with other parts of the same programresponsive to a viewer's preestablished video content preferences.

The patent to Bohrman, U.S. Pat. No. 5,109,482, discloses and is titled"Interactive Video Control System for Displaying User-Selectable Clips".In Bohrman, it is the viewer that, with precise knowledge of thecontents of the video segments of a program, interactively creates anarrangement of the viewer selected segments. In other words the segmentsare not automatically selected and arranged responsive to a viewer'spreestablished content preferences. Additionally, Bohrman fails toaddress the problems associated with the laser disc player's averageaccess times.

A number of other interactive systems in the prior art provide viewersthe means to participate, and thereby affect, the program's story linesor plot. The patent to Best, U.S. Pat. No. 4,569,026, discloses a videoentertainment system where human viewers conduct simulated voiceconversations with screen actors or cartoon characters in a branchingstory game shown on a television screen. As opposed to passive systems,the essence of interactive video systems is a viewer's participation. Ininteractive systems, at frequent points, the system's continuedoperation is dependent on the viewer's response.

In electronic games, of which Sega's CD ROM System for Genesis is anexample, the access time of approximately one second results innoticeable pauses in the action, the effect of which is also mitigatedby the interactive nature of the software. As a result of theirinteractivity, these systems can accept significantly slow random accesstimes.

Further, as electronic games have been principally directed at children,or contain primitive subject matter, they have not dealt with issuesraised by the more complex adult forms of expression inherent incontemporary motion picture films. While electronic games provide setupediting capabilities (selection of: level of difficulty, character,weapons, etc.), they do not provide censoring editing capabilities. Thisis clearly evidenced in the discussion, marketing, and development ofvideo games dealing with material generally deemed not suitable forchildren. Given the random access capability of CD-based systems, it issurprising that when dealing with adult subject matter, the inherentlimitations of conventional films and the MPAA's rating system have beenadopted by forthcoming CD based video games.

Thus the prior art known to the applicant has failed to show anintegrated software and hardware architecture that provides for theautomated selective retrieval of non-sequentially stored video segmentsof a program, from a single program source, responsive to a viewer'spreestablished viewing preferences, and the transmission of the selectedsegments as a seamless video program.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other shortcomings of the prior art are overcome by thevarious features of the present invention which are directed to aseamless transmission of non-sequential video segments. For purposes ofthe present invention, various terms or nomenclature used in the art aredefined as follows:

The term "viewer" as used herein is meant to include and beinterchangeable with the words "player" (when referring to a person),subscriber, and "user". That is, the term "viewer" ought to beunderstood in the general sense of a person passively viewing a video,interactively playing a video game, retrieving video from a videoprovider, and/or actively using multi-media.

The terms "video" and "video program" are interchangeable and refer toany video image regardless of the source, motion, or technologyimplemented. A "video" comprises images found in full motion pictureprograms and films, in interactive electronic games, and in videoproduced by multimedia systems. Unless otherwise qualified to mean acomputer software program, the term "program" is interchangeable and maybe replaced with the word "video". While a particular feature may bedetailed with respect to a specified viewing, gaming, or computingapplication, it is intended herein to apply the teachings of the presentinvention broadly and harmoniously across the different classes ofapplications that generate a video output.

The terms "variable content program" and "variable content game" referto a specific video program characterized by a greater variety ofpossible logical content sequences that result from the additionalsegments provided for that purpose. The term "content" referringprincipally to the form of expression rather than the story-line. Whereinitially produced as a variable content program, the video utilizesparallel, transitional, and overlapping segments to provide viewing of aprogram's story-line/interactive action at different levels of forms ofexpression.

The term "video content preferences" refers to a viewer's preferences asto the "content" of a video. "Video content preferences", specificallyand principally, although not exclusively, refers to a viewer'spreestablished and clearly defined preferences as to the manner or form(e.g. explicitness) in which a story/game is presented, and the absenceof undesirable matter (e.g. profanity) in the story/game. In thebroadest sense the term "video content preferences" further includes"video programming preferences", which refers exclusively to a viewer'spreferences as to specific programs/games (e.g Sega's "Sherlock HolmesConsulting Detective"), types of programs/games (e.g. interactive videodetective games), or broad subject matter (e.g. mysteries). In contrastto the prior art "video-on-demand" systems which are responsive to aviewer's "video programming preferences"; a more inclusive"content-on-demand" system as per the teachings of the present inventionis responsive to a viewer's "video content preferences".

The term "seamless" is intended in the sense that the transmission ofsequential and non-sequential frames is undiscernible to the eye, andnot in the sense of the natural video seams that result in the intendedchanges from one scene to another, from one camera angle to the other,or from one gaming sequence to the other. In a seamless transmission ofa variable content motion picture a constant video frame transmissionrate is maintained, whether the frames are sequential or non-sequential.

The terms "B-ISDN", specifically referring to a broadband integratedservices digital network, and "fiber optic", specifically referring to anetwork comprising fiber optic cable, refer to any "communications"means, private or public, capable of transmitting video from a remotevideo source to a viewer. In the broadest sense these terms furthercomprise satellite communications.

Where not clearly and unambiguously inconsistent with the context, theseand other terms defined herein are to be understood in the broadestpossible sense that is consistent with the definitions.

Accordingly, in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is anobject of the present invention to provide a device comprisingintegrated random access video technologies and video softwarearchitectures that furnishes a viewer the automated selective retrievalof non-sequentially stored, parallel, transitional, and overlappingvideo segments from a single variable content program source, responsiveto the viewer's preestablished video content preferences, and transmitsthe selected segments as a logical, seamless, and continuous videoprogram.

It is another object of the invention to provide an interactive videogame system comprising interactive video game software, variable contentgame, and a program segment map defining segments of the variablecontent game, furnishing a player of the interactive video game theautomatic and logical selection of video segments responsive to theapplication of the player's video content preferences to the programsegment map, and responsive to the logic of the interactive video gamesoftware.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a devicethat furnishes a previewer of a variable content program the capabilityfor efficiently previewing automatically selected segments from theprogram, responsive to a viewer's preestablished preferences, to permitthe previewer to indicate the inclusion of the selected segments in theprogram to be viewed by the viewer.

It is yet another object of the present invention that a viewer's videocontent preferences be stored in a portable memory device.

It is yet another object of the present invention to integrate fiberoptic communications capabilities and read/write laser disc playercapabilities within a single device to facilitate the downloading of amotion picture program from a source remote to the device.

It is yet other objects of the present invention to provide a variety ofreading architectures that produce a seamless reading of sequential andnon-sequential segments of a variable content program from a singlevideo source.

Briefly these and other objects of the invention are accomplished bymeans of the random access video technologies detailed herein incombination with the teachings herein of a variable content program.

Unlike traditional film media that permits a program format with only asingle sequence of frames, random access video technologies makepossible a variable content program format that is characterized by avariety of possible logical sequences of video frames. In a variablecontent program the artist and program producer are challenged to creategreater variety in the form of expression, and utilize parallel,transitional, and overlapping segments to provide viewing of a programat that level of expression, content, detail, and length, that isconsistent with a variety of viewer preferences.

In contrast to interactive motion pictures, and full motion video games,in a variable content program it is principally the form of expressionthat is the object of alternate frame sequences, rather than thestory-line. In a variable content program, each of the significantscenes and actions can be implicitly expressed, as found for example ina "PG" rated film, explicitly expressed, as found for example in an "R"rated film, and graphically expressed, as found for example in an"NC-17" rated film. As a result, unlike motion pictures which arepackaged as a single sequence of frames, the U.S. version, the Europeanversion, the edited-for-TV version, the "XXX" version, and the versionaddressing each viewer's particular tastes and preferences, resideharmoniously within a single variable content motion picture.

The present invention details a number of random access videotechnologies that permit the retrieval, in a logical order, of thenon-sequential segments that comprise a variable content program withoutaltering the transmission of the required frames per second. Anembodiment of a video system as per the present invention, permits theautomatic transmission of the selected segments from a variable contentprogram as a seamless continuous and harmonious video program responsiveto a viewer's preestablished video content preferences. In a secondembodiment, segments from an interactive video game are selectedresponsive to the logic of the interactive video game software and theplayer's video content preferences.

In a laser disc video system, random access video technologiesprincipally comprising: multiple independently simultaneously controlledreading units, video buffer, and media architecture, permit, in oneembodiment, during the read operation of one of the reading units of thevideo information contained in a program source, the repositioning of asecond one of the reading units to the next required non-sequentialposition in the program source. The resulting synchronizationeffectively eliminating the gaps that would result from a single readingunit's average access time. That is, pauses, gaps, dead frames, andfill-ins, are eliminated in the playing of non-sequential video segmentstored in a single program source.

To achieve the automated selection of only those segments consistentwith a viewer's preestablished viewing preferences, each program segmentin a variable content program is defined by and is associated with acontent descriptive structure that provides specific and detailedinformation as to each segment's subject matter, level of detail, andform of expression. The segments definitions of a program furthercomprises a first and last frame identifier, and beginning frameidentifiers of the next logical segments. The segments definitions areorganized into a program segment map.

A random access device as per the present invention provides each viewerthe opportunity to preestablish both any number of generalized,personalized video content preferences, and program/event specificcontent preferences, identifying the viewing preferences in each of anumber of content categories. By analyzing a viewer's preestablishedvideo content preferences as they relate to a program's segment map, therandom access device gains the information to automatically excludesegments of the variable content program containing material which theviewer does not wish to view, and to transmit as a logical seamlesstransparently harmonious and continuous program only those sequential ornon-sequential scenes or segments of the program whose content and formof expression are consistent with the viewer's preestablished videocontent preferences. The playing of a variable content program does notrequire that the viewer preview the contents of the segments of theprogram, and does not require viewer intervention during the viewing ofthe program.

Thus, the present invention while challenging the video program producerto fully exercise the freedom of expression, provides for the automated,seamless transmission of non-sequential video segments containing thatlevel of artistic expression that is consistent with a viewer'spreestablished video content preferences. The present invention,effectively harmonizing what are regarded in the popular press asconflicting objectives, provides an unparalleled opportunity for"freedom of expression and freedom from expression" (C).

These and other features, advantages, and objects of the presentinvention, are more easily recited and are apparent in the context ofthe detailed description of the invention, accompanying drawings, andappended claims, that follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow chart summarizing the steps of producing a variablecontent program as per the present invention;

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D, are illustrations of video segment descriptivestructures as per the present invention;

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, are diagrams of three versions of a video segment andcorresponding descriptive structures, each segment a variation of theother as per the present invention;

FIG. 3D is a diagram representation of a variable content programshowing the non-sequential arrangement of segments as per the presentinvention;

FIG. 3E is a diagram representation of a variable content programreading stream and transmission stream as per the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a sample video content preference selection screen as per thepresent invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a random access video technology devicecomprising fiber optic communications and variable content laser disccapabilities as per the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic detail of a laser disc module's multiple readingunits architecture as per the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram a video program provider and subscribernetwork architecture as per the present invention;

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, are flow charts summarizing the process of playinga variable content program as per the present invention; and

FIG. 9 is a flow chart summarizing the process of previewing flaggedsegments as per the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The steps in the production of a variable content program are summarizedwith respect to the simplified flow chart of FIG. 1. Each scene orfragment of a scene on a video script is reviewed 130 according to anappropriate segment descriptive structure, as for example detailed withrespect to FIGS. 2A-D. A screenwriter now has the freedom to expand thescenes by adding parallel, overlapping, and transitional segments, tocover a wider descriptive range 140 without the concern for thelimitations inherent in first generation program formats. A successfulfilming 150 of this variable content architecture is a function of theskill of directors, actors, animators, programmers, etc. to provide forparallel and transitional segments with the required transparentharmony.

In contrast to the editing of first generation motion pictures thatrequire producing a unique linear sequence of segments, editing of thisprogram format requires a parallel, non-sequential, logical arrangementof segments 160. A segment assigned a category descriptor may becongruent in one or more frames with a segment assigned a differentcategory descriptor. Where necessary, a video segment is associated withmore than one audio segment, and corresponding separate voice and videocategory descriptors are provided. The editing of a variable contentprogram is significantly distinguished from the editing of aninteractive motion picture is that in the latter the editing isconcerned with a branching story-line, while editing in the former isprincipally concerned with optional forms of expression of the samestory-line.

The complexity of a variable content program/game is only limited by therequirements, desires, skill, and hardware/software available to theprogram editor. To that extent, it is intended that the editingfunctions, in particular, be assisted by integrated computerized editingresources. With respect to the computer assisted editing, the teachingsof the patents to Bohrman, previously cited, and to Kroon et al., U.S.Pat. No. 4,449,198, are by reference incorporated herein. It should beappreciated that the art of program editing under this new format isintended to significantly transfer censorship, and time-constrainedediting decision making from the producer/editor to the viewer.

As each segment is defined, the beginning frame and end frame in each ofthe relevant segments is identified, the segment content is assigned acategory descriptor, and logical entry and exit references are assigned170. The resulting segment definition is mapped 180 and the requireduser interface produced. The program segment map, any user interfaceroutines particular to the program, and player control codes, ifrequired, are provided with the information comprising the programsvideo and sound.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate examples of generalized descriptivestructures that are utilized to review the contents of each segmentcontained in a given program, and to assign the appropriate segmentcontent descriptors. Specifically, FIG. 2A illustrates a descriptivestructure 210 implementing a descriptive scale 211 that mirrors thecurrent rating system utilized by the MPAA (Motion Picture Associationof America, Inc.). The MPAA's "Voluntary Movie Rating System" comprisesthe symbols "G", "PG", "PG-13", "R", and "NC-17" and the correspondinglegends, which are trademarked/pending by the MPAA.

The descriptive structure, further includes, in this example, a numberof categories 212 of conventional concern in the popular culture. Eachnumber in the matrix 219 in the chart represents the particulardescriptor for a given category that can be assigned to a specific sceneor segment. For example, a scene of an old western style barroom brawlmight be assigned a 130-4 (graphic violence). While the absence of anelement is presumed, unless otherwise indicated, as an example, theabsence of bloodshed is assigned a 135-1 (no bloodshed).

The contents of a segment are further coded on the basis of a number ofother considerations. FIG. 2B is an example of an element descriptivestructure 220 utilized to analyze the development 221 of a number ofelements 222 such as character, location, time, degree of detail, andthe level of expertise appropriate for the segment. In a similar manner,an individualized, tailored, and descriptive structure may be providedfor any one category or group of categories. For example, FIG. 2Cillustrates a descriptive structure 230 utilized to classify segmentsaccording to a level of inclusion 231. Such a structure is appropriate,for example, in coding a news report.

Additionally, or alternatively, a video segment descriptive structure,as shown in FIG. 2D, is implemented that incorporates the MPAA's movierating system. Under this video segment generalized descriptivestructure 240, segment definitions are assigned a descriptor (rating)249 from a descriptive scale 241 incorporating the MPAA rating symbols249, or any other available analogous rating system. Determination ofeach segment's rating symbol being similar to the manner in which theMPAA rating system is applied to a motion picture. While this ratingscale 241 may be implemented in conjunction with categories, as detailedwith respect to FIGS. 2A, and 2B, a simplified embodiment is notconcerned with identifying the category, instead, the segment definitioncomprises frame information and a simple descriptor (rating).

It is noted that FIGS. 2A-2D are examples of an overall framework forsegment analysis, the actual descriptive structures and level ofcomplexity utilized may be highly tailored by the producer of a programto reflect the specific content of a program without being limited bythe structures which will be widely accepted, constitute a standard, andfound to be generally utilized in other works. Each program producer isoffered the flexibility within the overall architecture of thisdescriptive structure to determine and include only those categoriesthat are relevant to a particular program, and to add categories as theproducer requires. Similarly, the producer is offered some flexibilityin determining the labelling of the descriptive scale.

Meeting the objectives of being able to provide both a standardized setof descriptive structures that permits the automatic application of aviewer's preestablished preferences to a variety of programs, andprovides the producer of the program the flexibility described above,are accomplished for example by assigning unique classification codes toeach set of preestablished standardized categories, and by reserving arange of classification codes that are recognized by the system asrequiring additional selection by the viewer.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a conventional motion picture programin which the segments are arranged as a unique sequential arrangement offrames. In a variable content program adaptation of the conventionalmotion picture, the various scenes 302 of the program are, according toan evaluation of the contents of the scenes, divided into appropriatesegments 303. Each segment is identified with a beginning and endingframe and comprises any number of frames 304. In this example, scenethree is divided into four segments, in which segment 3ii 311 begins atframe 4112 and ends at frame 6026. The next segment, 3iii, begins atframe 6027. Segment 3ii, which in a conventional motion picturecontributes to an "R" rating for the program, includes frames depictingexplicit bloodshed. The content of segment 3ii 311 is indicated by thenumeral 3 in the appropriate cell 319 of that segment's descriptivestructure.

Referring now to FIG. 3B, to provide for the option of editing-out theexplicit bloodshed in a variable content program, the program segmentmap includes an additional segment definition 321 beginning at frame4112 and ending at frame 5205. The end of this segment 321 is linked toa new transitional segment 322 beginning at frame 35205 and ending at35350, the end of which is linked to frame 6027. In this fashion, framesare omitted and added to provide a continuous transparent edited versionof any segment. This frame sequence 321/322 is associated with thecorresponding segment content descriptive structure 329 to indicate theabsence of bloodshed. In all other respects the segments 321/322 areequivalent to the original segment 311. For first generation programs,the editing-out works in a like manner except that the transitionalsegment 322 is not available to make the seamless transmission fromframe 5205 to 6027 transparent.

To provide for the option to include a graphic level of bloodshed, theprogram segment map includes an additional segment definition. Referringto FIG. 3C, in this case, only 66 frames of the "first" segment 311 are"ignored", and new segment definitions 331 and 332 are created, toaccommodate the graphic bloodshed included in an additional segment 333beginning at frame 35351 and ending at frame 38975. This frame sequence331/333/332 is associated with an appropriate segment contentdescriptive structure 339. In this manner, parallel and transitionalsegments provide a descriptive selection mix ranging from a segmentcombination excluding bloodshed 321/322 to a segment combinationincluding graphic bloodshed 331/333/332, as well as the segmentcombination including explicit bloodshed 311. As a result, theparticular scene of which these segments are a part can be viewed at anyof the three content levels for that category.

A scene can include subject matter of more than one category. In suchcases, overlapping segments and transitional segments are provided topermit viewing of one subject matter at one descriptive level andviewing of another subject matter at another level.

Referring now to FIG. 3D, the location of the net additional frames thatresult from the additional segments 322/333 cause some frames to benon-sequentially placed in the variable content program 399. Ignoringthe frame numbers of segment 322, FIG. 3D is illustrated todiagrammatically emphasize the resulting sequential and non-sequentialrandom-like arrangement of video segments in a variable content program.This is shown for example, in the segment combination 331/333/332depicting explicit bloodshed and the corresponding non-sequential framesequence.

The segments combinations shown comprising the segment definitionstogether with the corresponding descriptors comprise a program segmentmap. A program segment map causes, for example, the retrieval of thesegment combination beginning at frames 4112-5109, followed by frames353514-38975, and ending with frames 5175-6026 in response to theapplication of a viewer's program content preferences to the programsegment map.

In an actual feature length variable content motion picture thesignificant additional segment/frames are arranged responsive to theparticular random access hardware architecture implemented. For example,FIG. 3E, illustrates an arrangement in which the reading unit readingstream 341 comprises alternating frames from four separate segments andis read at an effective rate of 120 frames per second. The processingarchitecture selecting the desired segment from the read stream 341 togenerate a transmission stream 342 of the desired frames 351A-353A at arate of 30 frames per second. This and other architectures are detailedlater on with respect to FIG. 6.

A system embodying the teachings of the variable content programprovides each viewer the opportunity to define a personalized videocontent preferences. The content preferences identifies each viewer'spreferences in a range of video content categories. The architectures ofa viewer's content preferences and that of the segment contentdescriptive structures are interrelated. As is detailed below, thepreferences are established prior to transmission of the program to thereceiver, so that during the transmission of the program viewerintervention is not required.

FIG. 4 illustrates a program's categories descriptive chart 401 thatmerges the various descriptive structures of the segments of a program.For example, the category bloodshed 411 indicates that the programoffers options to omit the viewing of bloodshed, or include explicit orgraphic segments in the viewing of the program. In this example,depicted by bold boxes is the viewer selected level for each category.The viewer in this case has elected to omit bloodshed 412 in his/herviewing of the program. In this particular screen design, viewersindicate their selections by following the entry requests 421, andpressing the appropriate numeric keys on the player's remote controlunit to indicate the category they wish to access 422 and the viewinglevel for the category 423.

In simplified terms, any segment with a descriptive level higher(abstract) than the viewer-selected level for a given category is notincluded in the program produced for the viewer. The segment selectedfor viewing (a descriptive level equal to or next lowest) provides thenext segment beginning frame information, skipping over parallelsegments of a lower rating than the viewed segment.

While the teaching above are detailed principally in terms of a variablecontent motion picture movie, clearly the teachings are applicable toany video program. Specifically, interactive video games utilizing fullmotion video segments can also benefit from providing the viewer/playerof the game the option to preestablish video content preferences inaddition to the gaming options which may be included in the video gamesoftware. As in a variable content program, in a interactive variablecontent video game, the video segments shown are consistent with theplayer's video content preferences.

The preferred hardware architecture of a video system that embodies theteachings of, and delivers the benefits of, the variable content programis referred to herein as a Random Access Video Technology system("RAViT") (C), and is specifically detailed with respect to FIG. 5.Referring to FIG. 5 a preferred configuration of a RAViT 500 deviceprincipally comprises the following primary modules and sub-systems: i)random access laser video/data disc module 501; ii) communicationsmodule 502; iii) fixed memory sub-system 503; iv) removable memorysub-system 504; v) compact portable memory sub-system 505; vi) externalvideo/sound input/output support module 506; vii) multi-user modules507; and viii) multi-services modules 508.

A fixed memory sub-system 503 refers to any non-volatile memory storagedevice principally utilized to randomly read/write and store significantquantities of information. An example of a present fixed memory storagesub-system is a personal computer hard disk drive, currently generallyinstalled in 80-240 MB capacities.

A removable memory sub-system 504 refers to any non-volatile memorystorage device principally utilized to transport information to and fromtwo similarly equipped devices. Examples of present removable memorystorage sub-systems are personal computer floppy disk drives 1.2 MB,micro floppy disk drives 1.4/2.8 MB, backup tape drives 60-240 MB, andremovable hard disks 20-80 MB. The random access laser disc module 501is another example of a removable memory storage sub-system.

A compact portable memory sub-system 505 is principally distinguishedfrom a removable memory sub-systems 504 in the size of the media and thegreater variety of memory storage technologies that are generallyimplemented. Nonetheless, some of the removable memory storage mediasuch as for example, the micro floppy disk, are also considered compactportable memory media. With present technology, compact portable memorymedia is available in dimensions similar to conventional credit cards.Examples of compact portable memory are: laser read/write cards, inwhich at least one surface of the card permits a laser to read/writeinformation; electronic cards, in which the information is stored inelectronic components; and magnetic cards embodying magnetic storagetechnology, of which a credit card is an example. Other examples ofcompact portable media are electronic cartridges commonly utilized inelectronic video game systems.

Clearly, a variety of memory devices are available utilizingtechnologies and combinations of technologies to suit particularperformance requirements. The above classifications of the memorydevices are directed at bringing attention to functional capabilities ofRAViT rather than to a particular technology. The classifications arenot intended to restrict a device to a particular classification, limitthe selection of devices which may be implemented, or to limit thefunction of the particular device implemented.

From a marketing standpoint, it is also preferred that RAViTadditionally "play" other laser media, such as for example current laserdiscs, CDs, CDGs, photo CDs, and interactive programs and games, in aconventional manner. This being diagrammatically shown in FIG. 5 as thefive circles inside the representation of the laser disc unit 501. Inthis context, it is also noted that the multimedia capabilities in RAViTin combination with its ability to extract video/sound/data from thesesources offers the user sophisticated CD-ROM like capabilities andinteractive full motion video gaming capabilities. As to the latter,RAViT's hardware configuration detailed herein is significantly morecapable than interactive CD-based video games such as for example Sega'sCD ROM System for Genesis.

In a preferred embodiment, RAViT is a fully integratedviewing/gaming/computing video system. To that extent and given theother teachings that follow herein, RAViT's laser disc module willoperate at the required rotational rate to accommodate differences insoftware rpm requirements. This being analogous to the differentavailable speeds in a record player.

The external video/sound input/output support module 506 supportsvideo/sound/data transmission to the primary video display systemcomprising for example a monitor/television, stereo system, andkeyboard/voice recognition-response, Additionally, the input/outputmodule supports video/sound input from local sources such as for exampleVCR's, video cameras, and videophones. The construction of the externalsupport module follows the conventional practices of consumer electronicproducts as for example: laser disc players, VCRs, and personalcomputers.

Multi-user modules 507 principally support separate controlledindependent access by other users of RAViT's processing, video, andcommunications resources. A multi-user operating system such as forexample a version of Unix or Windows NT, manage the multi-userenvironment. The construction of multi-user modules followingestablished networking technology and responsive to the operating systemimplemented.

Multi-services modules 508 provide a host of services, such as forexample residential security, and appliance operation management. Theoperation of the module being principally a software application runningunder the multi-user operating system implemented. The construction ofthe particular multi-service module being responsive to the particularapplication. Example of a primitive multi-service module is a fax/modempc card.

RAViT further comprises computing elements and video processing elementsreadily found in multimedia devices and video electronic systems such asfor example and not limitation: i) microprocessor 511; ii) memory units512; iii) video processor 513; and iv) video buffers 514.

RAViT's user control interface 531 includes communications to thebuttons and keys located on the cabinet of the device, and to theassociated control devices 541-2-3. The keys, buttons, and switches,conventionally found in consumer electronic devices and deemedadvantageous to the operation of RAViT are implemented. These controlsare further augmented by the following keys/functions: segment skippingcontrol, preferences control, segment mapping control, and system menucontrol. The user control interface 531 additionally supports infraredremote control units 541, as for example infrared numeric control pad,and infrared keyboard; wire connected control units 542, as for examplecable connected computer keyboards, mouses, and game controllers; andvoice recognition units 543.

The keyboard, as in a personal computer implementation, facilitatessystem setup, keyword retrieval, and system functions requiring theentry of alpha characters. Since a preferred configuration of RAViTcomprises significant multimedia capabilities, a keyboard isadvantageous. A keyboard connector used to connect a standard ATkeyboard or a dedicated keyboard is supplied. Alternatively, aninfrared-based keyboard is implemented. Further, given the computing andstorage capabilities of RAViT, a voice response sub-system optionaccommodating minimally the few commands, such as play, stop, mute,sound, skip, required to control the basic operation of the laser discmodule can additionally be provided.

Implemented in RAViT is a digital system status display sub-system 532,which provides visual feedback and system status information.

RAViT's control programs that manage RAViT's resources, and theretrieval and processing of data and video information, reside indedicated chips 521. Alternatively, the control programs are stored inmass memory devices 503 from installed software, in removable memorymedia 504, or in a compact portable memory device 505.

A variable content program not only comprises variable contentvideo/sound information, but also comprises a corresponding programsegment map, user interfaces, program routines, and system controlcodes. In an interactive variable content video game, the video gamesoftware also comprises a variable content program. The terms "programsegment map" and the term "data", where not inconsistent with thecontext, are to be understood to comprise the program segment map, userinterfaces, program routines, system control codes, and gaming software(where applicable). Wherever the terms "variable content program" arefound, and the context permits, they are to be understood to compriseall the video/sound and "program segment map" elements.

In a preferred laser disc implementation, the entire variable contentprogram (video/sound and program segment map) is provided in avideo/data disc in a format similar to that required by the video imagescontained in the disc. Alternatively, the data is provided in thevideo/data disc in a different format from that of the video format,such as for example in digital photomagnetic or magnetic formats. Inthis respect the teachings of the patent to Smith, U.S. Pat. No.4,872,151, are by reference herein incorporated. In a secondalternative, the data is separately provided by a removable memory media504, a compact portable memory device 505, or downloaded by means of thecommunications interface 502.

A RAViT simply configured and comprising a laser disc module 501 and forexample a micro floppy disk drive 504 provides editing out benefits forthe existing library of motion picture laser discs. In thisconfiguration, the micro floppy disk provides the program segment map,user interface and other control programs particular to the motionpicture, and stores a viewer's video content preferences. While theresulting program suffers, as does edited-for-television programs, fromthe lack of transitional, parallel, and overlapping segments, thistechnique provides an immediate library of full motion pictures to whichthe teachings of the present invention is applied.

Upon a playing of a program, the control program causes the reading ofthe program's identifier from the program source 501, searches the massmemory fixed storage device 503 for a corresponding viewer preferences,or applicable generic preferences, and upon viewer confirmation appliesthe stored viewer preferences to the program segment map.

With respect to control programs, scheduling routines, viewerpreferences, program segment map, and other principally softwareelements, it is noted that these may be separately or jointly stored inany one of RAViT's various firmware/hardware memory devices. Forexample, the viewer preferences are stored in non-volatile residentmemory 515, in the memory of the fixed or removable memory sub-system503/504, a user's optical read/write access card or electronic memorycard 505, or from the respective read/write video/data laser disc 501.In an interactive video game application, data in general, and gamesoftware in particular, for example, may be downloaded to the hard disk,reserving subsequent access of the laser disc for video/sound retrieval.

Generally, the control programs 521 generate a segment table reflectingthe application of the viewer's preferences to the video program'scontent map. The segment table provides the control program's segmentscheduling routines the information to cause the automated logicalselection of sequential and non-sequential segments of the video programresponsive to program segment map, the viewer's preferences, and thelogic of the gaming software where applicable. The processing of thecontrol programs being principally a function of the system cpu 511 andsystem RAM 512.

RAViT's video random access retrieval architecture principallycomprising the video/data laser disc module 501, video cpu 513, videobuffers 514 and processing capabilities, provides for the retrieval andtransmission of selected sequential and non-sequential video segmentsstored in the disc. In terms of the integration of laser disc andprocessing capabilities and the retrieval of non-sequential videoframes, the teachings of the patent to Blanton et al, U.S. Pat. No.4,873,585, which details a system comprising a video disc player forstoring and retrieving video frames, and a control computer foraccessing particular sequences of stored frames on the video disc, areby reference incorporated herein, and are relied upon to detail the coreoperation and construction of a laser-based random access system. Withrespect to laser read/write units and read/write laser discs, the priorart teachings of laser disc players, such as for example Pioneer'sRewritable Videodisc Recorder VDR-V1000, and the teachings of the patentto Matsubayashi, U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,953, are by reference incorporatedherein.

RAViT's laser disc module 501 comprises laser disc technologydistinguished principally in the cooperative operation, responsive tothe instructions of the segment scheduler, of the multiple read/writelaser units to produce a continuous transmission of non-sequential videosegments. In a laser-based random access multiple read/writearchitecture, each read/write unit assembly and operation is principallyequivalent to corresponding laser-based assemblies found in the priorart, in which a laser beam reads and reproduces memory signals from adisc.

Referring now to FIG. 6, the principal elements of a laser-based randomaccess multiple read/write units architecture as per the presentinvention are illustrated. FIG. 6 shows a laser disc 601 having therein,in a laser readable format, sufficient recording area 611 to store avariable content program. The recording area 611 of the laser disc 601is shown as substantially concentric tracks lying in a single plane.Alternatively, the recording area comprises a multitude ofquasi-concentric tracks forming one or multiple spiral tracks.Additionally, tracks can be provided in one or more planes on each sideof the laser disc, as well as on both sides of the disc.

Referring now to FIG. 6 in conjunction with FIGS. 3C and 3D, in apreferred embodiment of reading non-sequential video segments from asingle video source, a first reading unit 621 is directed by the segmentscheduler to retrieve video information corresponding to the desiredframes 4112-5109 of a first, or current, video segment from a videosource. Concurrently with the first reading unit 621 reading theinformation from the first segment, a second reading unit 622 ispositioned, according to the program segment map and the segmentscheduler, to preread within one revolution of the disc beginning frameinformation of a next non-sequential segment from the same video source.

In this example, the next non-sequential segment begins at frame 35351.Concurrently with the first reading unit reading 621 the currentsegment, the second reading unit 622 is caused to preread into a videobuffer (514 FIG. 5) that portion of the next non-sequential segmentbeginning at frame 35351 necessary to provide a seamless transition fromthe first reading unit reading of the current segment ending at frame5109 to the second reading unit reading of the next non-sequentialsegment beginning at frame 35351. The video buffer, thus containing thesegment information necessary to provide a synchronized, seamlesstransition from the first segment to the second segment without any gapsin the transmission of the retrieved video segments as a continuousvideo program.

Concurrently with the second reading unit 622 reading the nextnon-sequential segment, now a current segment, the first reading unit621 is repositioned to begin prereading of a next non-sequential segmentbeginning at frame 5175. By the time the second reading unit 622completes reading the current segment at frame 38975, the first readingunit 621 has preread frame 5175. The process, analogous to a relay race,repeating itself until the last desired segment has been read.

In an interactive video game application, a multiple reading unitarchitecture is advantageously utilized to additionally provide fastervideo responses to the user/player's actions. Briefly, while a firstreading unit 621 is reading a first video segment, frames 4112-5109, asecond reading unit 622 is positioned to read a second segment beginningat frame 35351. The positioning of said second unit 622 being responsiveto the option being presented to the player during the reading of thefirst segment which may require reading the second segment rather thancontinuing reading the first segment or reading the next sequentialsegment. Alternatively, the second reading unit provides overlay imagesin synchronization with the images retrieved by the first reading unit.

Each reading units's movement over the disc surface is over a designatedradial segment such that the movement of each reading unit over therecorded radius of the disc is not impaired by the movement of adifferent reading unit. In this fashion, the movement of the firstreading unit 621 over its radial segment 631 does not intersect themovement of the second reading unit 622 over its radial segment 632.

It is noted that the reading unit's travel need not be limited to theradial segments. A positioning system providing for the positioning ofthe reading unit at any point over the recording media, provides thereading unit the potential to precisely intercept the beginning of asegment/frame at a precisely defined moment. This being represented inFIG. 6 as the juncture of a radial segment 631 and the beginning offrame 5175. In this fashion the requirement of prereading into a videobuffer can be reduced if not eliminated.

FIG. 6 also shows a third reading unit 623. While a simple variablecontent motion picture application does not require more than tworeading units, the third reading unit 623 is illustrated principally toemphasize that a multiple-read architecture is not limited to tworeading units 621-622, and is available for more demanding interactivevariable content game applications. Further, as illustrated, a readingunit's movements over the recorded surface need not be confined to aparticular quadrant, side of the surface, or radius of the surface. Inthe illustration the third reading unit's 623 movement over the recordedsurface is permitted over the recorded diameter 633 of the surface.

Additionally or alternatively, the information is recorded on the laserdisc in a manner that, either through placement or duplication offrames, anticipates the desired and possible position of a reading unit.In this case, even if the movement of the reading units are confined toradial segments, the requirement of a video buffer is for this purposeeliminated. This also being represented in FIG. 6 as the variousjunctures of the radial segments and the beginning of the frames.

Specifically, in this architecture, concurrently with a first readingunit 621 reading a current segment from a single video source, a secondreading unit 622 is positioned to be able to intercept and read thebeginning of a next non-sequential segment, in this example frame 35351,at that instant that the first reading unit 622 completes reading thecurrent segment at the end of frame 5109. At that the first reading unit621 completes reading frame 5109, the second reading unit begins readingframe 35351, thereby in combination with the first reading unit causinga seamless transition from the reading of the current segment to readingof the next non-sequential segment.

In the next stage, concurrently with the second reading unit 622 readingthe beginning of the next non-sequential segment at frame 35351, now acurrent segment, repositioning the first reading unit 621 to be able tointercept and read the beginning of a next non-sequential segment, frame5175 at that instant that the second reading unit completes reading thecurrent segment at frame 38975. The process continuing until all therequired segments are read.

Still additionally, or alternatively, the rotational speed of the discplatter is set sufficiently high to permit the reading unit to read intobuffers sufficient video information to provide the same reading unitsufficient time for repositioning and begin reading the nextnon-sequential segment before the video information in the buffer isexhausted. This would in certain applications eliminate the need formultiple reading units.

Specifically, in the reading of non-sequential video segments from asingle video source, a single video source 601 is caused to rotate at asufficiently high rate 641, in this example 60 frames per second or3,600 rpm 641, i.e twice the rate of 30 frame per second 642, to permita reading unit 621 to both read and preread an amount of a currentsegment (frames 4412-5109) into a video buffer sufficient for thereading unit 621 to be repositioned to read the beginning of a nextnon-sequential segment, frame 35351, before the preread amount in saidvideo buffer is exhausted. In this example, prereading frames 4498-5109provides the reading unit 621 sufficient time to be repositioned to reada next non-sequential segment, frames 35351-38975. Concurrently with therepositioning of the reading unit, the video buffer provides the lastpreread frames 4498-5109 to cause a seamless transition from the readingof the current segment, frames 4112-5109, to the reading of the nextnon-sequential segment, frames 35351-38975. The process continuing untilall the required segments are read.

In this architecture, the reading unit prereads into the buffer only inadvance of a next non-sequential segment, or continually prereads intothe video buffer as the video information in the buffer is depleted.

A variation of this technique particularly applicable to interactivevideo game applications is detailed with respect to FIG. 3E. In thisexample, previously summarized, a read stream comprises alternatingframes from a number of different video segments. The number ofdifferent video segments resulting from the attainable effectivetransfer rates of the system. For example if the video applicationrequires a transfer rate of 30 frames per second, and video compressiontechniques, rotational speed, and/or reading capability of the systemcan achieve an effective transfer rate of 120 frames per second, thanfour different video segments can be read "concurrently" by a singlereading unit. In such an architecture, the frame arrangement comprises areading stream 341 of alternating frames from four separate segments A-Dand is read at an effective rate of 120 frames per second. Theprocessing architecture selects the desired segment A,B,C, or D from theread stream 341 to generate a transmission stream 342, at a rate of 30frames per second, of the desired frames 351A-353A, 351B-353B,351C-353C, or 351D-353D.

To further detail, and with respect to FIG. 6, a single video source 601is caused to rotate at a sufficiently high rate, for example 60 framesper second 641 or 120 frames per second 643 to permit a reading unit 621to read at multiples of the 30 frames per second rate required totransmit a single one of a plurality of video segments (A-D). Referringonce more to FIG. 3E, the frames being intermittently arranged as areading stream 341 in the video source. As the reading unit is caused toread the reading stream 341; a video processor (513 FIG. 5) extractsfrom the reading stream 341 a transmission stream 342 representing asingle one of the plurality of video segments.

In this fashion a single reading unit can provide instantaneous shiftingamong a number of different segments. In an interactive video gameapplication, shifting among a number of different video segments can beinstantaneously achieved in response to a players interaction with thegame's software logic.

To enhance the simulation of each video stream, a windowing technique,such as shown in the previously cited patent to Blanton et al., in whichonly a portion of each frame is displayed, is applied to each frame inone or more of the video streams to enhance the simulation of movementwithin a multi-dimensional space and to provide composite images ofgreater complexity.

These and other variations in the particular number and arrangement ofthe reading units, video buffer, and frame arrangement configurationthat is implemented in a RAViT is a function of the complexity of thevideo/data, and cost/performance constraints. It is also intended thatthe teachings of the various configurations shown herein and in thecited art may be combined responsive to the particular application.Clearly, with technology continuously achieving greater storage capacityin smaller, faster, and more cost effective storage devices, there is noapparent limitation to the complexity of the variable content programthat can be commercially executed.

The description above has for simplicity been detailed with respect to areading unit. It is to be understood that a reading unit hereincomprises both reading and writing capabilities operationallyindependent of the operation of another read/write unit in the system'sarchitecture. Additionally, a read/write unit need not be limited to aparticular current architecture, enhancements to the construction of thereading unit itself, such as for example multiple tracking mirrors/beamsplitters, are contemplated to produce faster access times and transferrates. Further, the multiple read/write architecture detailed need notbe limited to a laser disc system. In an alternate embodiment, a harddisk drive is modified as per the teachings above detailed tosignificantly increase transfer rates and lower average access times.Clearly, at present, in a hard disk embodiment the read/write units aremagnetic read/write heads.

Generally, the viewing of a variable content program is intended to behardware independent. That is, a variety of hardware, firmware, andsoftware architectures are possible either locally or remotelyaccessible by the viewer that provide the benefits of a variable contentprogram. In particular, a random access device's read/bufferarchitecture, modified as per the present invention, is intended to beimplemented in a variety of mass memory devices. Embodiments of theread/buffer architecture detailed herein is not intended to be limitedto any particular available recording medium and recording formattechnologies. The teachings of the present invention are applicable to anumber of random access technologies such as, for example, and notlimitation, fixed and removable magnetic, optical, or photomagneticmedia, and digital or analog recording formats. Any combination ofexisting or forthcoming media, format, and compression memorytechnologies may advantageously incorporate the teachings hereindetailed.

In general, parts, sub-assemblies, and components of a RAViT are ofconventional characteristics and are freely substituted by likefunctioning elements and components. For example, and not limitation,while fiber optic-based communications are preferred, copper phone linesand coaxial cable-based communications are considered, albeit lesscapable nonetheless, functional equivalents. Additionally, a certaindegree of redundancy of components is illustrated in FIG. 5 toschematically show and detail significant functions. Clearly, redundantcomponents in general, and redundant electronic components inparticular, are intended to be eliminated in a preferred embodiment. Forexample, in a number of configurations a removable memory sub-system anda compact memory sub-system are both required. In a general sense, oneis the functional equivalent of the other. In a preferred embodiment,for example, a removable memory sub-system is eliminated, and thecompact memory sub-system performs the functions that are associatedwith it. In general, where cost effective, components are designed toserve a combination of functions.

Further, the configuration of RAViT's various modules, components, andsub-systems, are intended to offer flexibility analogous to that foundin a personal computer. Specifically with respect to the multi-usercapabilities, a RAViT may be configured, for example, with more than onelaser disc module. Whether inside the primary cabinet or in a mating orsister cabinet. Responsive to user friendliness, a more advancedwireless plug and play communications and power motherboard and cabinetdesign is preferred. The motherboard and cabinet permitting thereplacement of, for example, the power supply just as easily as abattery is replaced in a portable personal computer. In a preferredembodiment of RAViT, every component and sub-system is replaced withoutresorting to screwdrivers and the need to unplug and plug communicationsand power cables.

While an embodiment of the present invention is detailed above withrespect to a random access video laser disc device physically accessibleby the viewer, variations are also possible. For example, the laser discdevice need not be physically located near the television set. Thepatent to Fenwick et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,244, by referenceincorporated herein, discloses remote video distribution systems such asmay be found in a hotel, wherein the viewer is provided remotecontrolled access to video resources. Fiber optic communications easilypermit the required transfer rates between a device, or any alternativememory device, and a viewer's receiver/television.

As shown by the hardware configuration detailed with respect to FIG. 5,RAViT is equally adept at retrieving full motion video from a residentprogram storage device or remotely from a network-based serviceprovider. A B-ISDN interface, an internal or external modem, or adedicated communications line, such as for example a coaxial cable,provides RAViT communications capabilities with providers of programmingand other on-line services. These other services comprising, forexample, banking, security, shopping, instructional, and educationalservices.

With respect to video-on-demand, and video networks, the teachings ofthe patents to Monslow, U.S. Pat. No. 4,995,078, to Way, U.S. Pat. No.4,891,694, and to Walter, U.S. Pat. No. 4,506,387, are by referenceincorporated herein. These patents teach a variety of land line andfiber optic transmission of programs embodying varying degrees of viewercapabilities in the selection of programs. While the prior art does notteach transmission of a variable content program, a reading of said artwill assist the reader interested in obtaining a more detaileddisclosure of the hardware of such systems than is necessary to providehere.

FIG. 7 is a simplified schematic diagram a video program provider andsubscriber network architecture as per the present invention.Participants in a B-ISDN 711, as per the present invention, comprise anynumber of video program providers 700 and any number of subscribers 721.As in a communications network, each participant is able to transfer andretrieve video/data transmissions from any other participant. Eachparticipant obtaining a hardware configuration consistent with theirdesire and their financial means.

The particular configuration of each subscriber's video system's721/722/723 storage, memory, processing, and communication capabilitiesis responsive to, but is not necessarily limited by, the minimumrequirements of the particular service provider. A RAViT configuration,such as detailed with respect to FIG. 5, provides the required videoprogram storage, processing, and communications architecture.

The video system of a participant who wishes to serve as a video programprovider 700 is functionally equivalent to the RAViT device previouslydetailed, differing only in that the respective resources areappropriately scaled and modified to simultaneously access a variety ofprograms, and service a number of subscribers.

A video provider system 700 comprises: i) mass storage random accessmemory devices 701 for storing a plurality of variable content programs,and a plurality of program segment maps each defining segments of acorresponding video program; ii) communications linkages 702 to theB-ISDN for establishing communications with a plurality of participatingsubscriber video systems (RAViTs) 721/722/723; iii) processinghardware/software 703 for retrieving from participating subscriber videosystem a subscriber's video content preferences, and for automaticallyselecting, for each of the participating subscribers, variable contentprogram/program segment map, and/or segments, from a programbase,comprising a plurality of variable content programs and correspondingprogram segment maps, responsive to the application of the correspondingone of the subscriber's video content preferences to the programbase;iv) random access devices 704 for retrieving for each participatingsubscriber the corresponding selected variable content programs and/orvideo segments; and v) transmission architecture 705 for transmitting,to each participating subscriber video system, the correspondingretrieved selections. Simply stated, an on-line variable content programprovider provides each viewer content-on-demand.

In a preferred embodiment, in response to a subscriber 721 request ofone or more variable content program(s) from a video provider 700, theentire variable content program including all the parallel, overlapping,and transitional segments is provided via the fiber optic network 711.Alternatively, the program is provided to the subscriber in the formthat results from the execution of the viewer's video contentpreferences, i.e. a logical seamless sequence of only those segmentsthat are consistent with the viewer preferences are transmitted in areal-time or a non real-time format over the network 711.

Where the subscriber 721 remains on-line with the video provider 700during the transmission of the video and utilizes the hardware resourcesof the video provider, a RAViT comprising principally communicationscapabilities without significant local storage, processing, or memory,is adequate. In such an architecture the viewer preferences are retainedby the video provider.

Retrieving video from a remote video provider permits subscribers toefficiently obtain from an extensive programbase a program to be viewedat the time of their choosing, over which they exercise complete controlas to the subject matter, form of expression, and other elementscomprising the program. Further, the resulting program need not compriseor result from a single variable content program in a programbase. Aprogram may result from the automated selection of a variety ofsegments/programs from the programbase.

In a video provider, the implementation of the multiple read headarchitecture provides for the simultaneous retrieval of several versionsof a program from a single program source to satisfy simultaneously theparticular viewing requirements of several subscribers. A multiple readhead architecture reduces, for example, the number of copies of aprogram that the on-line video provider requires. Alternatively, wherecost effective, a variable content program may be entirely or partiallystored in RAM.

It is also important to note that the novel combination of an externalfiber optic based communications module and a multiple read/write unitslaser disc module, provides a RAViT configuration capable of efficientlydownloading significant amounts of full motion video to be viewed,played with, or processed at the subscriber's leisure. In such a RAViTthe downloading of, for example, a feature length motion picture, aninteractive video game, or a series of lectures can be achieved withunprecedented speed.

The previously shown capacity to read/write the viewer preferencesfrom/to a compact portable memory device 731 provides a viewer the meansto automatically configure a RAViT that had not previously learned theviewer's video content preferences (dumb RAViT).

Referring once more to FIG. 7, in anticipation of the desire toefficiently utilize a dumb RAViT, a viewer instructs the smart RAViT 721to download to a compact portable memory device 731 the desired viewerpreferences and program request routines. To automatically configure andretrieve programming consistent with the preferences and program requestroutines, the viewer provides the prepared compact portable memorydevice 731 to the dumb RAViT 722, or to an accessory device 732 incommunication with the dumb RAViT 722. The compact portable memorydevice 731 automatically configuring the dumb RAViT without necessarilydownloading the viewer preferences other than to volatile memory. Theoperation being similar to moving a game cartridge from a first gameplayer to a second game player.

In this context, programming request routines automate the retrieval ofdesired programming from a programming services provider 700 accessibleto a RAViT 722. In this fashion, for example, a travelling executive canautomatically configure each days new hotel room RAViT to retrievevideophone messages, the day's news in a format and for topicspreestablished by the executive, followed by a menu of recently releasedfilms that the executive has not seen. The operation being analogous toinserting an access card in a hotel room door.

Alternatively, a similar automated configuration is performed by meansof line-based external communications capabilities 711 available to boththe dumb RAViT 722 and the smart RAViT 721.

As indicated with respect to FIG. 5, and represented in FIG. 7,multi-user and multi-services modules support separate controlledindependent access by other users of RAViT's processing, video, andcommunications resources. In addition to the primary video displaysystem 741 supported by RAViT 721, the multi-user module andmulti-services module installed in this example support a separatemonitor/keyboard 742 access to RAViT's 721 resources, and cooperativelysupports the operation of a security system 743.

Before proceeding with a detailed description of the steps of utilizinga variable content video disc on RAViT, it is important to appreciatethat in general following the initial setup of RAViT with a viewerpreferences, a subsequent viewing of a variable content programconforming to the standard structure only requires the pressing of aplay key. Following the pressing of the play key, RAViT automaticallyinitiates playing of the video program without the necessity of anyfurther viewer interaction or instructions. In other words, in astandardized descriptive structure architecture, once RAViT initiallylearns the viewer's preferences, it does not require any more of theviewer than, for example, a conventional laser disc player. Similarly inthe playing of an interactive variable content game, once RAViTinitially learns the viewer/player preferences, the gaming interactionproceeds transparently of the video editing functions. It is intendedthat a single viewer preferences serve both gaming and viewingapplications. Optionally, the viewer may establish separate viewingpreferences for each of the classes (e.g. gaming, viewing, computing) ofvideo programs.

The steps comprising the method of viewing a variable content program ona RAViT are detailed with respect to the flow chart of FIGS. 8A, 8B, and8C. Beginning at step 801, the viewer selects and retrieves the desiredprogram consistent with the architecture of the particular RAViThardware implementation. Upon selection of the play function 802,RAViT's software, firmware, and hardware processing capabilities("processor") issue a command to read the viewer control setup toascertain if viewer control is enabled 803. If enabled, RAViT'shandshaking routines request viewer identification and, if required, acorresponding password 804. If the viewer identification and passwordare not found acceptable 805, the appropriate error message istransmitted to the television 806, and RAViT is returned to a stateprior to the viewer play request 802.

If viewer identification and password are found acceptable 805, theprocessor checks for other restrictions to a user access 807. Theseadditional restrictions include: time of day restrictions for the user,and/or accumulated usage during specified time frames. If restrictionsare enabled that prevent usage 807, an appropriate error message 809 istransmitted to the television, and RAViT is returned to a state prior tothe viewer play request 802. The user-permission capability enables aparent to have complete control over the use of RAViT, and provides formultiple individualized preferences.

If viewer control is not enabled 803, or if enabled, verification of theuser 805 and verification of restrictions permit usage 807, programsetup routines are initiated. Referring now to FIG. 8B, program setuproutines 811 include reading, from the program source, programidentification information. Based on the program identificationinformation, which in addition to including a unique identification codealso contains qualitative and classification program information, setuproutines search to see if a corresponding viewer preferences/table forthe identified program is available 812. Otherwise, the program categorydescriptive structures 813 are obtained from the program source todetermine if a viewer preference is established for each of the programcategories.

Once viewer preferences are established, the processor verifies set upstatus for editing privileges 814, to determine if the viewer hasediting privileges for the class of programs to which the presentprogram belongs and the categories included therein. The processor atthis point transmits to the television a request for the viewer toindicate if the existing preferences are to be edited 815. If at step814 edit privileges are not available for the viewer, the processorinitiates normal play routines. If the viewer indicates that no editingprivileges are to be exercised 815, normal play routines are initiatedas well; otherwise, editing of the viewer preferences occurs at step818.

The edited viewer preferences are interactively verified 819 until anadequate category preference match, as required by the program and theuser is established, or the viewer selects to exit. Exiting at 819returns RAViT to a state prior to the viewer play request 802.

If a viewer preferences for the login viewer for the selected program isnot available 812, or at least one of the categories of the program isnot contained in the viewer preferences 813, then the processor verifiesif edit privileges are available for the viewer for the class ofprograms and the categories 816. If no edit privileges are available, anexit message 817 is transmitted to the television, and RAViT is returnedto a state prior to the viewer play request 802. If edit privileges areavailable 816, then editing of the viewer preferences 818 is initiated.

Editing the viewer preferences 818 is supervised to insure that viewermodifications are consistent with the permissions established for thatviewer. Individual viewer permissions are established broadly for anyone or more classes of programs or categories, or specifically for anycategory. Once editing of the preferences is found complete 819, asrequired by the program category listing, play routines are initiated.

Referring now to FIG. 8C, following the enabling of the play routines821, the program segment map is read 822 from the program segment mapstorage media or memory. As previously detailed, the program segment mapdefining the sequential and non-sequential segments of the selectedprogram. At this point, RAViT's processing capabilities retrieve andapply the viewer's preferences, stored in a memory or a storage device,to the program segment map 823. The application of the viewer'spreferences to the program segment map results in the automated logicalselection of sequential and non-sequential segments of the selectedvideo program 824 consistent with the viewer's video content preferencesand the program segment map. Once the segments to be played and theirsequence are determined 824, the random access retrieval andtransmission capabilities of RAViT automatically retrieve the selectedsequential and non-sequential video segments stored in the video programstorage device, and transmit the video segments as a seamless,continuous video program 825.

In a interactive video game, the start and setup routines detailed withrespect to FIGS. 8A, and 8B are integrated with each games setuproutines.

As suggested previously, the capabilities of RAViT are particularly wellsuited to providing an editor (i.e. parent) complete control as to thevideo material to which a viewer/player (i.e. child) is exposed. Asindicated above, RAViT provides: user, time of day, amount of viewingcontrols; and individual preferences for each viewer/player or class ofviewers/players. Additionally, supplementing or alternative routines areprovided which are preferable in those instances where: i) segmentscannot be rated according to standardized descriptive structures; ii)the utilization of a descriptive structure system is not desired; oriii) a simpler routine provides the desired functionality.

Specifically, the present invention permits an editor to automaticallyselect segments of a video program previously identified in a programsegment map as providing material which may not be suitable for aviewer; viewing the selected segments and determining their suitabilityfor viewing by the viewer; automatically generating a listing ofsegments responsive to the segment suitability determination applied tothe program segment map; automatically retrieving the listed segments;and automatically transmitting the retrieved segments as a continuousvideo program for said viewer. Segments not suitable for a viewer may bedefined as segments providing content and form of expression which, in aconventional sense, is deserving of a rating other than a MPAA "G"rating.

Alternatively to, or in addition to the editing system based on theapplication of descriptive structures, a simplified editing system isbased on the "flagging" of segments irrespective of the specific natureof the material which may not be suitable for a viewer. That is allsegments containing material not suitable receives the same flag orcode. The flagging of segments provides an efficient method of codingand retrieving the segments and indicating their inclusion/exclusion ina program/game to be viewed/played.

An example of the editing routines that provide for the efficientpreviewing of flagged segments are summarized with respect to FIG. 9.One of a number of RAViT setup routines present a listing of viewersover which the editor has editorial control. With respect to each viewerand the selected program, the listing indicates if a segment table isalready available 901, and if viewer preferences are available 902 ornot 903. Additionally the option to designate a new viewer 904 is madeavailable to the editor.

If a corresponding table for the desired viewer is available 901 and theeditor does not wish to make any changes, than selecting this optionexits the routine, the operation of RAViT is then permitted as detailedpreviously. If a corresponding table for the selected viewer is notavailable, and the editor does not wish to create or update the viewer'spreferences 902, than the routine proceeds by reading the programsegment map 921. If the editor wishes to modify or create viewerpreferences 903, than the routine proceeds with the appropriate routines912. If the editor indicates the entry of a new viewer 904, theappropriate viewer entry routines are enabled 909, and the opportunityto create viewer preferences for the new viewer is provided 911.

The routines to update/create new preferences 912 permit both a programspecific or permanent updating of the selected viewer's preferences.Once viewer preferences are indicated, if any, the selected program'ssegment map is read 921 and compared to the preferences 922 to theextent that they are available.

If all the flagged segments are effectively excluded by the viewerpreferences 922, than the resulting program segment table is saved 941and the routine is exited. Otherwise, in addition to an initial segmenttable, a list is prepared 923 consisting of any flagged segments thathave a descriptive level lower than the corresponding level in thepreferences, and flagged segments for which there is no correspondingpreferences. In the absence of viewer preferences every flagged segmentis included in the segment list.

In a manner similar to the retrieval of non-sequential segments outlinedpreviously, only the segments in the segment list are shown one afterthe other 931 as a continuous stream to the editor, pausing only if aninclude/exclude decision is not indicated 932. The process continuingautomatically 934 until a decision on each of the flagged segments inthe list is made 932. As each decision is made the segment table isupdated 933. Alternatively, the segment table is updated and savedfollowing the transmission of the last segment 941.

Each segment need not be viewed in its entirety 931, as soon as aninclude decision is made 932, the showing of the next segment beginsinstantaneously. Additionally, it should be understood that a showing ofa flagged segment is not limited to, or indicate, the actualtransmission of the flagged segment's video/sound. Appreciating thatcertain adults may not be interested in viewing the flagged segments, acharacter description of the contents of the segment may be providedinstead or in advance of the option to view the corresponding segment.

The above is presented to emphasize the control features andcapabilities of the present invention, the particular routines shown canbe enhanced in a number of ways. Configuration routines are contemplatedthat further facilitate and automate viewer/player controls.

For example, a configuration can be selected that automatically createsfor selected or new viewers/players a segment table excluding allflagged segments. In this case at system setup a viewer is simplyassociated with the exclusion of all flagged segments.

Similarly, additionally, or alternatively, a viewer/player is associatedwith a descriptor code paralleling the MPAA rating system as previouslydetailed with respect to FIG. 2D. At system setup a viewer/player isassociated with an appropriate rating code, thereafter, theviewing/playing of a program is consistent with the rating codeassociated with the respective viewer. The simplicity of thearchitecture in combination with the teachings of the variable contentprogram permits, for example, by means of a single code associated witheach viewer, a parent to view an "R" version of a film, and permits achild to view a "G" version of the same film. It is noted that thisarchitecture provides more tailored control than the simpler exclude allflagged segments architecture, but significantly less tailored controlthan a category specific video content preferences. In a preferredembodiment, the various structures detailed above are correlated topermit the application of a variety of content control options withoutrequiring duplicating descriptor definition. For example a assigning asegment a descriptor other than "G" rating is equivalent to flagging thesegment.

Clearly, a number of other interactive capabilities are made possible bythe architecture of RAViT. For example during the viewing of a program,skip keys cause the automatic skipping of the present segment and theinstantaneous viewing of the next logical segment. Other functionspermit interactive modification of the segment map, such as flagging asegment, as the program is being viewed. It is intended that a number ofother interactive capabilities be implemented which incorporate theteachings of prior art interactive and multi-media system. Specificallyin this respect, the teachings of the patent to Bohrman, previouslycited, are by reference incorporated herein.

Since the prior art is well established, and many of the features,components, and methods, found therein may be incorporated in thepreferred embodiment; and since other modifications and changes variedto fit particular operating requirements and environments will beapparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not limited tothe presently preferred form of the present invention set forth here andabove, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereby.It is also to be understood that the specific details shown are merelyillustrative and that the invention may be carried out in other wayswithout departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A video disc for use in conjunction with aplayer, said disc comprising:a motion picture including within aduplication of a sequence of video frames; a user interface, recorded onthe disc and particular to the motion picture, for a user to establish acontent preference after retrieval by the player of said interface; andsegment information recorded on the disc for playing, responsive to thecontent preference and utilizing a single playback head, a seamlessversion of, and from within the motion picture, the playing comprisingbuffering at least a portion of a retrieved video segment for seamlesslyskipping over a retrieval of a sequence of video frames that areduplicated within the motion picture, whereby the playing of theseamless version of the motion picture does not require an alternativeprogram source retrieved by a second playback head.
 2. The video disc ofclaim 1 wherein the duplication of a sequence of video frames enables aplaying of a version of the motion picture that is responsive to acontent preference with respect to a level of explicitness in each of aplurality of video content categories.
 3. The video disc of claim 1wherein the duplication of a sequence of video frames enables a playingof a version of the motion picture that is responsive to a contentpreference with respect to a rating system.
 4. The video disc of claim 1wherein the duplication of a sequence of video frames enables a playingof a version of the motion picture that is responsive to a contentpreference.
 5. A video disc for use in conjunction with a player, saiddisc comprising:a motion picture including within, at least one parallelvideo segment, comprising a duplication of a sequence of video frames,for variably playing a scene of the motion picture; a user interface,recorded on the disc particular to the motion picture, for a user toestablish a content preference after retrieval by the player of saidinterface; and segment information recorded on the disc for playing,responsive to the content preference and utilizing a single playbackhead, a seamless version of, and from within the motion picture, theplaying comprising buffering at least a portion of a retrieved parallelvideo segment for seamlessly skipping over a retrieval of a sequence ofvideo frames that are duplicated within the motion picture, whereby theplaying of the seamless version of the motion picture does not requirean alternative program source retrieved by a second playback head. 6.The video disc of claim 5 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference with respect to a level ofexplicitness in each of a plurality of video content categories.
 7. Thevideo disc of claim 5 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference with respect to a rating system. 8.The video disc of claim 5 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference.
 9. A method of playing a motionpicture from a video disc for use in conjunction with a player, saidmethod comprising the steps of:retrieving a user interface, recorded onthe disc and particular to a motion picture, for a user to establish acontent preference after retrieval by the player of said interface, themotion picture including within a duplication of a sequence of videoframes; retrieving segment information that is recorded on the disc andresponsive to the duplication of the sequence of video frames; andplaying by utilizing a single playback head, responsive to a user'scontent preference, and the segment information, a seamless version of,and from within the motion picture, the playing comprising buffering atleast a portion of a retrieved video segment for seamlessly skippingover a retrieval of a sequence of video frames that are duplicatedwithin the motion picture, whereby the playing of the seamless versionof the motion picture does not require an alternative program sourceretrieved by a second playback head.
 10. The method of claim 9 whereinthe duplication of a sequence of video frames enables a playing of aversion of the motion picture that is responsive to a content preferencewith respect to a level of explicitness in each of a plurality of videocontent categories.
 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the duplication ofa sequence of video frames enables a playing of a version of the motionpicture that is responsive to a content preference with respect to arating system.
 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the duplication of asequence of video frames enables a playing of a version of the motionpicture that is responsive to a content preference with respect to alevel of detail.
 13. A method of playing a motion picture from a videodisc for use in conjunction with a player including within at least oneparallel video segment, comprising a duplication of a sequence of videoframes, for variably playing a scene of the motion picture, the methodcomprising the steps of:enabling a user of the motion picture toestablish a content preference by utilizing a user interface, recordedon the disc and particular to the motion picture; selecting, for theuser, video segments recorded on the disc from within the motion pictureby applying the content preference to segment information directlydefining a plurality of segments within the motion picture; and playingby utilizing a single playback head the selected video segments as aseamless version of, and from within the motion picture, the playingcomprising buffering at least a portion of a retrieved parallel videosegment for seamlessly skipping over a retrieval of a sequence of videoframes that are duplicated within the motion picture, whereby theplaying of the seamless version of the motion picture does not requirean alternative program source or the user of the motion picture tocreate the segment information retrieved by a second playback head. 14.The method of claim 13 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference with respect to a level ofexplicitness in each of a plurality of video content categories.
 15. Themethod of claim 13 wherein the duplication of a sequence of video framesenables a playing of a version of the motion picture that is responsiveto a content preference with respect to a rating system.
 16. The methodof claim 13 wherein the duplication of a sequence of video framesenables a playing of a version of the motion picture that is responsiveto a content preference.
 17. An apparatus capable of playing an opticaldisc storing (1) a motion picture including within a duplication of asequence of video frames, (2) a user interface, recorded on the disc andparticular to the motion picture, for a user to establish a contentpreference after a retrieval by the apparatus of said interface, and (3)segment information recorded on the disc and directly defining aplurality of segments within the motion picture, the apparatuscomprising:processing means for enabling the user of the motion pictureto establish a content preference by utilizing the user interface, andfor selecting, for the user, video segments from within the motionpicture by applying the content preference to the segment information;and random accessing and buffering means for playing by utilizing asingle playback head the selected video segments as a seamless versionof, and from within the motion picture, the playing comprising bufferingat least a portion of a retrieved video segment for seamlessly skippingover a retrieval of a sequence of video frames that are duplicatedwithin the motion picture, whereby the playing of the seamless versionof the motion picture does not require an alternative program sourceretrieved by a second playback head or the user of the motion picture tocreate the segment information.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17 whereinthe duplication of a sequence of video frames enables a playing of aversion of the motion picture that is responsive to a content preferencewith respect to a level of explicitness in each of a plurality of videocontent categories.
 19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein theduplication of a sequence of video frames enables a playing of a versionof the motion picture that is responsive to a content preference withrespect to a rating system.
 20. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein theduplication of a sequence of video frames enables a playing of a versionof the motion picture that is responsive to a content preference withrespect to a level of detail.
 21. An apparatus capable of playing anoptical disc storing (1) a motion picture including within, at least oneparallel video segment, comprising a duplication of a sequence of videoframes, for variably playing a scene of the motion picture (2) a userinterface, recorded on the disc and particular to the motion picture,for a user to establish a content preference after a retrieval by theapparatus of said interface, and (3) segment information recorded on thedisc and directly defining a plurality of segments within the motionpicture, the apparatus comprising:processing means for enabling the userof the motion picture to establish a content preference by utilizing theuser interface, and for selecting, for the user, video segments fromwithin the motion picture by applying the content preference to thesegment information; and random accessing and buffering means forplaying by utilizing a single playback head the selected video segmentsas a seamless version of, and from within the motion picture, theplaying comprising buffering at least a portion of a retrieved parallelvideo segment for seamlessly skipping over a retrieval of a sequence ofvideo frames that are duplicated within the motion picture, whereby theplaying of the seamless version of the motion picture does not requirean alternative program source retrieved by a second playback head or theuser of the motion picture to create the segment information.
 22. Theapparatus of claim 21 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference with respect to a level ofexplicitness in each of a plurality of video content categories.
 23. Theapparatus of claim 21 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference with respect to a rating system. 24.The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the duplication of a sequence of videoframes enables a playing of a version of the motion picture that isresponsive to a content preference.